The 'Two-Body Problem' Challenges Small Town Workforces

Academia's "two-body problem" may be affecting other industries as women pursue more specialized careers and marry similarly educated men. Two-career couples are likely to gravitate toward larger metro areas with job opportunities for both partners.

2 minute read

November 10, 2015, 8:00 AM PST

By Luke Juday


Vermont College

Erica J. Mitchell / Shutterstock

Women are increasingly earning advanced degrees in specialized fields. Combine this with the fact that people of similar education levels tend to marry one another and highly skilled laborers often have to move for better job opportunities and you have the "two-body problem." The term is commonly used by academics to describe the conflicts that occur when PhD's marry one another. Tenure-track jobs are scarce, highly specialized, and often located in remote college towns, making it difficult for both partners to find a job in the same location.

As the number of women lawyers, doctors, scientists, business executives, and engineers increases, more highly-educated couples outside academia are facing the two-body problem.

The natural solution for many couples is a move to a larger metropolitan area that can provide more career options in a variety of fields. In the nation's largest metro areas, a higher share of couples have two college degree holders, while couples with one college graduate are more evenly distributed.

The two-body problem could mean trouble for smaller towns and cities trying to attract highly-skilled jobs and workers. Local economic developers need to think regionally to cobble together opportunities for skilled workers' romantic partners. More creative working options may also become more common. Many of the top metro areas for telecommuting are small cities with major universities - ground zero for the two-body problem.

Monday, November 9, 2015 in StatChat: the blog of the UVA Demographics Research Group

portrait of professional woman

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban Planner

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

Mary G., Urban Planner

Get top-rated, practical training

Concrete Brutalism building with slanted walls and light visible through an atrium.

What ‘The Brutalist’ Teaches Us About Modern Cities

How architecture and urban landscapes reflect the trauma and dysfunction of the post-war experience.

February 28, 2025 - Justin Hollander

Complete Street

‘Complete Streets’ Webpage Deleted in Federal Purge

Basic resources and information on building bike lanes and sidewalks, formerly housed on the government’s Complete Streets website, are now gone.

February 27, 2025 - Streetsblog USA

Green electric Volkswagen van against a beach backdrop.

The VW Bus is Back — Now as an Electric Minivan

Volkswagen’s ID. Buzz reimagines its iconic Bus as a fully electric minivan, blending retro design with modern technology, a 231-mile range, and practical versatility to offer a stylish yet functional EV for the future.

March 3, 2025 - ABC 7 Eyewitness News

View of mountains with large shrubs in foreground in Altadena, California.

Healing Through Parks: Altadena’s Path to Recovery After the Eaton Fire

In the wake of the Eaton Fire, Altadena is uniting to restore Loma Alta Park, creating a renewed space for recreation, community gathering, and resilience.

March 9 - Pasadena NOw

Aerial view of single-family homes with swimming pools in San Diego, California.

San Diego to Rescind Multi-Unit ADU Rule

The city wants to close a loophole that allowed developers to build apartment buildings on single-family lots as ADUs.

March 9 - Axios

Close-up of row of electric cars plugged into chargers at outdoor station.

Electric Vehicles for All? Study Finds Disparities in Access and Incentives

A new UCLA study finds that while California has made progress in electric vehicle adoption, disadvantaged communities remain underserved in EV incentives, ownership, and charging access, requiring targeted policy changes to advance equity.

March 9 - UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation