Study: Half as Many Metro Areas Affordable to Low-Income Homebuyers in 2021 as in 2020

Over 13 million potential first-time homebuyers were priced out this year, putting homeownership out of reach for low-income households in most of the largest U.S. cities.

2 minute read

October 25, 2021, 8:00 AM PDT

By Diana Ionescu @aworkoffiction


First-Time Buyers

rSnapshotPhotos / Shutterstock

"As home prices continue to surge, low-income households already on the margins of home affordability are on the verge of being completely priced out of homeownership in most major US metro areas." Raheem Hanifa "examined what area median income level was needed to afford a modest-priced home in each of the top 100 metro areas in June of 2021 compared to June of 2020, and then how many renters aged 25-55 were in that group in each time period" for an estimate of "how many likely first-time homebuyers were priced out of homeownership."

Hanifa found that "[b]y June 2021, extremely-and -very low-income households with under 30 percent AMI, and between 30-50 percent AMI respectively, could not afford the median-priced home in any of the 100 largest US metro areas, and in only 20 metros were homes affordable for low-income households with incomes between 50-80 percent of AMI." This translates to 13.4 million potential first-time homebuyers who could not afford a median-priced home. "While households across all AMI levels are impacted by increasing home prices, low-income households with incomes between 50-80 percent of AMI are most at risk of being priced out of affordable homeownership."

"Further compounding these challenges is that even when low-to-moderate income buyers can afford to purchase a home, intense homebuying competition has locked many who rely on FHA and VA loans out of homeownership." The Biden administration, Hanifa writes, should support "policies that build more affordable housing and targeted downpayment assistance to Black households, who already have large homeownership gaps," and "consider employing the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) and the exemptions provided through its Special Purpose Credit Program (SPCP), which allows lenders to favorably consider prohibited factors such as race or ethnicity in connection with a special purpose that may include initiatives for 'low-income borrowers of color.'"

Thursday, October 14, 2021 in Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University

portrait of professional woman

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban Planner

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

Mary G., Urban Planner

Get top-rated, practical training

Wastewater pouring out from a pipe.

Alabama: Trump Terminates Settlements for Black Communities Harmed By Raw Sewage

Trump deemed the landmark civil rights agreement “illegal DEI and environmental justice policy.”

April 13, 2025 - Inside Climate News

High-rise apartment buildings in Waikiki, Hawaii with steep green mountains in background.

Study: Maui’s Plan to Convert Vacation Rentals to Long-Term Housing Could Cause Nearly $1 Billion Economic Loss

The plan would reduce visitor accommodation by 25% resulting in 1,900 jobs lost.

April 6, 2025 - Honolulu Civil Beat

Logo for Planetizen Federal Action Tracker with black and white image of U.S. Capitol with water ripple overlay.

Planetizen Federal Action Tracker

A weekly monitor of how Trump’s orders and actions are impacting planners and planning in America.

6 hours ago - Diana Ionescu

Streetcar and bus stopped at station on Market Street in San Francisco with Ferry Building visible in background.

Waymo Gets Permission to Map SF’s Market Street

If allowed to operate on the traffic-restricted street, Waymo’s autonomous taxis would have a leg up over ride-hailing competitors — and counter the city’s efforts to grow bike and pedestrian on the thoroughfare.

3 hours ago - San Francisco Examiner

Parklet with wooden benches and flower boxes on street in Ireland.

Parklet Symposium Highlights the Success of Shared Spaces

Parklets got a boost during the Covid-19 pandemic, when the concept was translated to outdoor dining programs that offered restaurants a lifeline during the shutdown.

4 hours ago - Streetsblog San Francisco

Bronze statue of homeless man (Jesus) with head down and arm outstretched in front of St. Matthew Cathedral in Washington D.C.

Federal Homelessness Agency Places Entire Staff on Leave

The U.S. Interagency Council on Homelessness is the only federal agency dedicated to preventing and ending homelessness.

5 hours ago - The New York Times