Study: Half as Many Metro Areas Affordable to Low-Income Homebuyers in 2021 as in 2020

Over 13 million potential first-time homebuyers were priced out this year, putting homeownership out of reach for low-income households in most of the largest U.S. cities.

2 minute read

October 25, 2021, 8:00 AM PDT

By Diana Ionescu @aworkoffiction


First-Time Buyers

rSnapshotPhotos / Shutterstock

"As home prices continue to surge, low-income households already on the margins of home affordability are on the verge of being completely priced out of homeownership in most major US metro areas." Raheem Hanifa "examined what area median income level was needed to afford a modest-priced home in each of the top 100 metro areas in June of 2021 compared to June of 2020, and then how many renters aged 25-55 were in that group in each time period" for an estimate of "how many likely first-time homebuyers were priced out of homeownership."

Hanifa found that "[b]y June 2021, extremely-and -very low-income households with under 30 percent AMI, and between 30-50 percent AMI respectively, could not afford the median-priced home in any of the 100 largest US metro areas, and in only 20 metros were homes affordable for low-income households with incomes between 50-80 percent of AMI." This translates to 13.4 million potential first-time homebuyers who could not afford a median-priced home. "While households across all AMI levels are impacted by increasing home prices, low-income households with incomes between 50-80 percent of AMI are most at risk of being priced out of affordable homeownership."

"Further compounding these challenges is that even when low-to-moderate income buyers can afford to purchase a home, intense homebuying competition has locked many who rely on FHA and VA loans out of homeownership." The Biden administration, Hanifa writes, should support "policies that build more affordable housing and targeted downpayment assistance to Black households, who already have large homeownership gaps," and "consider employing the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) and the exemptions provided through its Special Purpose Credit Program (SPCP), which allows lenders to favorably consider prohibited factors such as race or ethnicity in connection with a special purpose that may include initiatives for 'low-income borrowers of color.'"

Thursday, October 14, 2021 in Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University

portrait of professional woman

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching. Mary G., Urban Planner

I love the variety of courses, many practical, and all richly illustrated. They have inspired many ideas that I've applied in practice, and in my own teaching.

Mary G., Urban Planner

Get top-rated, practical training

Concrete Brutalism building with slanted walls and light visible through an atrium.

What ‘The Brutalist’ Teaches Us About Modern Cities

How architecture and urban landscapes reflect the trauma and dysfunction of the post-war experience.

February 28, 2025 - Justin Hollander

Complete Street

‘Complete Streets’ Webpage Deleted in Federal Purge

Basic resources and information on building bike lanes and sidewalks, formerly housed on the government’s Complete Streets website, are now gone.

February 27, 2025 - Streetsblog USA

Green electric Volkswagen van against a beach backdrop.

The VW Bus is Back — Now as an Electric Minivan

Volkswagen’s ID. Buzz reimagines its iconic Bus as a fully electric minivan, blending retro design with modern technology, a 231-mile range, and practical versatility to offer a stylish yet functional EV for the future.

March 3, 2025 - ABC 7 Eyewitness News

View of mountains with large shrubs in foreground in Altadena, California.

Healing Through Parks: Altadena’s Path to Recovery After the Eaton Fire

In the wake of the Eaton Fire, Altadena is uniting to restore Loma Alta Park, creating a renewed space for recreation, community gathering, and resilience.

3 hours ago - Pasadena NOw

Aerial view of single-family homes with swimming pools in San Diego, California.

San Diego to Rescind Multi-Unit ADU Rule

The city wants to close a loophole that allowed developers to build apartment buildings on single-family lots as ADUs.

5 hours ago - Axios

Close-up of row of electric cars plugged into chargers at outdoor station.

Electric Vehicles for All? Study Finds Disparities in Access and Incentives

A new UCLA study finds that while California has made progress in electric vehicle adoption, disadvantaged communities remain underserved in EV incentives, ownership, and charging access, requiring targeted policy changes to advance equity.

March 9 - UCLA Luskin Center for Innovation